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16S rRNA RefSeq: V15.23    Genomic RefSeq: V10.1
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Veillonella parvula (HMT-161)
Taxon Description:
Type species of the genus. Phylogentically indistinguishable to V. dispar.

Disease Associations:
Veillonella parvula tend to be more prevalent in sites without disease however it has been associated with discitis [3] tonsillitis spinal osteomyelitis sepsis endodontic lesions [1] and coronary heart disease [2]

Prevalence and Source:
Commonly detected in the human oral cavity and intestinal tract. Prevalent on all oral surfaces [4] and in supragingival and subgingival plaque [456]
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Classification:
Domain:Bacteria
Phylum:Firmicutes
Class: Negativicutes
Order: Veillonellales
Family:Veillonellaceae
Genus: Veillonella
Species:Veillonella parvula
Status: Named - Cultured
Type/Reference Strain: ATCC 10790
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Former Names or Synonyms:
Micrococcus gazogenes
Micrococcus lactilyticus
Phylum: Firmicutes
Staphylococcus parvulus
Veillonella alcalescens
Veillonella gazogenes
16S rRNA Reference Sequences:    view in
RefSeq tree
RefSeq ID: 161AA050
RefSeq ID: 161BU083
RefSeq ID: 161Vparv
RefSeq ID: 161_X002
RefSeq ID: 161_X042


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Genotypic Description:
Phenotypic Characteristics: Anaerobic Gram negative coccus (~0.4 um in diameter) usually in pairs. Lactate pyruvate malate fumarate and oxaloacetate can be fermented however carbohydrates are not. CO2 is required for growth. Lactate is fermented to acetate propionate CO2 and H2. G+C content is38 to 41 mol%.[7]Phylogenetically similar to V. dispar however V. parvula is catalase negative whereas V. dispar is catalase positive. They can also be differentiated serologically and by DNA/DNA homology (28%).Resistant to streptomycin and vancomycin which can be used in media for selective enrichment of species of Veillonella.
Cultivability: Nonhemolytic on Blood agar. Distinctive colony (1-3 mm) morphology e.g. lens- diamond- or heart-shaped when grown on lactate agar media. Smooth entire and grayish white in appearance. [7]
Pangenome(s):
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Microbial Ecology
(Abundance/Prevalence):		 [Open Abundance/Prevalence Page for ]
Proteomics:
NCBI Taxon ID: 29466 [Link to NCBI]
PubMed Searches:
[NCBI PubMed Link]
[NCBI (Entrez) Nucleotide Link]
[NCBI (Entrez) Protein Link]
Number of
Genome Sequences:		 29 See List
Phylogenetic Trees:
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References:

[1] Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Nov;43(11):5721-32
[2] Becker MR, Paster BJ, Leys EJ, Moeschberger ML, Kenyon SG, Galvin JL, Boches SK, Dewhirst FE, Griffen AL. Molecular analysis of bacterial species associated with childhood caries. J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Mar;40(3):1001-9
[3] Socransky SS, Haffajee AD, Cugini MA, Smith C, Kent RL Jr. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J Clin Periodontol. 1998 Feb;25(2):134-44
[4] Rogosa M. Genus I. Veillonella. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1984; Vol. 1, pp. 681-683.
[5] Sassone L, Fidel R, Figueiredo L, Fidel S, Faveri M, Feres M. Evaluation of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2007 Dec;22(6):390-7
[6] Beck JD, Eke P, Heiss G, Madianos P, Couper D, Lin D, Moss K, Elter J, Offenbacher S. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease: a reappraisal of the exposure. Circulation. 2005 Jul 5;112(1):19-24
[7] Marriott D, Stark D, Harkness J. Veillonella parvula discitis and secondary bacteremia: a rare infection complicating endoscopy and colonoscopy? J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Feb;45(2):672-4